Introduction
Tibet, a land of high mountains and profound spirituality, is a pilgrimage destination like no other. The monasteries here are not just architectural marvels but also the heart of Tibetan Buddhist culture, housing ancient scriptures, precious artworks, and spiritual masters. Embarking on a pilgrimage in Tibet allows travelers to immerse themselves in the rich religious and cultural heritage of this unique region.
Lhasa Pilgrimage Route
Jokhang Temple
The Jokhang Temple, located in the heart of Lhasa's Barkhor Street, is the most sacred temple in Tibet. Built in the 7th century, it enshrines a precious statue of the Jowo Shakyamuni Buddha brought from Nepal by Princess Bhrikuti. Pilgrims circumambulate the temple in a clockwise direction, prostrating themselves in devotion. The interior is filled with intricate murals, butter lamps that have burned for centuries, and countless Buddhist artifacts.
Potala Palace
Although not strictly a monastery, the Potala Palace is an iconic symbol of Tibetan Buddhism. It was the winter palace of the Dalai Lama and now serves as a museum. The Red Palace houses numerous chapels dedicated to various Buddhas and past Dalai Lamas, while the White Palace was used for administrative purposes. The architecture and the panoramic view of Lhasa from the palace are breathtaking.
Drepung Monastery
Situated on the western outskirts of Lhasa, Drepung Monastery was one of the largest monasteries in the world at its peak. It has a vast complex of buildings, including the main assembly hall, where thousands of monks would gather for religious teachings. The monastery is known for its lively debates among the monks, which are an integral part of the learning process in Tibetan Buddhism.
Sera Monastery
Another important monastery near Lhasa, Sera Monastery is famous for its monk debates that take place in the afternoon. The monks, clad in maroon robes, use elaborate hand gestures and loud shouts to express their philosophical arguments. The monastery also has beautiful temples and a peaceful atmosphere that attracts pilgrims and tourists alike.
Shigatse Pilgrimage Route
Tashilhunpo Monastery
Tashilhunpo Monastery, located in Shigatse, is the traditional seat of the Panchen Lama. It is a massive complex with several large chapels. The most remarkable feature is the Maitreya Hall, which houses an enormous statue of the future Buddha, Maitreya. The monastery's architecture, with its golden roofs and whitewashed walls, is a sight to behold.
Sakya Monastery
Sakya Monastery, about 150 kilometers from Shigatse, is the main temple of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism. It has a unique architecture with its red, white, and black striped walls. The monastery houses a vast collection of ancient scriptures, some of which are rare and valuable. The interior is adorned with beautiful murals and Buddhist statues.
Participating in Buddhist Services: Things to Note
Dress Code
When visiting monasteries and participating in Buddhist services, it is important to dress modestly. Avoid wearing revealing clothes such as shorts, short skirts, and sleeveless tops. Both men and women should cover their shoulders and knees.
Silence and Reverence
Maintain a solemn and quiet atmosphere. Avoid making loud noises or talking in a disrespectful manner. Remember that these are places of worship, and pilgrims are engaged in deep spiritual practices.
Photography
Ask for permission before taking photos, especially inside the temples where there may be restrictions. Some areas may be considered too sacred to be photographed. If photography is allowed, be respectful and do not use flash, as it can damage the ancient artworks and murals.
Body Language
Do not point at the Buddha statues or the monks with your index finger. Instead, use an open hand. Also, do not touch the religious artifacts or the heads of the monks, as this is considered disrespectful.
Follow the Flow
When circumambulating the monasteries or participating in processions, follow the local custom of moving in a clockwise direction. Do not push or cut in line with the pilgrims.
Tibetan Festivals: Where Spirituality Meets Celebration
Shoton Festival
Traditional Activities
The Shoton Festival, also known as the Yogurt Festival, is one of the most important festivals in Tibet. It usually falls in late June or early July according to the Tibetan calendar. The festival kicks off with the unfurling of a giant thangka (a Tibetan Buddhist scroll painting) at Drepung Monastery. Thousands of pilgrims and tourists gather to pay their respects.
In Lhasa, there are also traditional Tibetan opera performances that last for several days. The actors, wearing elaborate costumes and masks, perform stories from Tibetan history and mythology. Another highlight is the yogurt - eating parties. People enjoy various kinds of yogurt, which is an important part of Tibetan cuisine.
Deep Significance
The Shoton Festival has both religious and cultural significance. Historically, it was a time when the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism lifted the summer retreat for monks. The monks would then come down from the mountains, and the local people would offer them yogurt. The unfurling of the thangka represents the display of the Buddha's teachings and blessings. The festival also serves as a time for the community to come together, celebrate their cultural heritage, and strengthen their spiritual bonds.
Saga Dawa Festival
Traditional Activities
The Saga Dawa Festival, which occurs in the fourth month of the Tibetan calendar, is a month - long festival filled with religious activities. Pilgrims circumambulate the Barkhor Street in Lhasa in large numbers. Many of them complete the circumambulation on foot, some even prostrating themselves all the way.
There are also prayer sessions in the monasteries, where monks chant scriptures and perform religious rituals. Offerings of butter lamps, incense, and barley are made by the devotees. On the 15th day of the month, which is considered the most auspicious day, the activities reach a climax with even more intense circumambulations and religious ceremonies.
Deep Significance
The Saga Dawa Festival commemorates three important events in the life of Buddha: his birth, enlightenment, and passing away. It is a time of intense spiritual reflection and purification for the Tibetan people. The circumambulations and offerings are acts of devotion, aimed at accumulating merit and seeking spiritual growth. The festival also promotes a sense of unity among the community as they all engage in these religious practices together.
